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glossary * A *
| Demographical and statistical terms | Symbols |
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abortion is defined, with reference to the woman, as any interruption of pregnancy before 28 weeeks of gestation with a dead foetus. There are two major categories of abortion: spontaneous and induced. Induced abortions are those initiated by deliberate action undertaken with the intention of terminating pregnancy; all other abortions are considered as spontaneous. |
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abortion rate is a measure of the frequency of abortion in a population during a given period, usually a year. Abortions may be related to the total population or to the number of women in the reproductive ages, and may be specific for age, parity or any other characteristic. |
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abridged lifetable is one in which most functions are given only for certain pivotal ages, frequently spaced at five or ten-year intervals after infancy. It is a life table computed by age intervals of 5 or 10 years, instead of single years of age. The youngest intervals are usually specified as age> 0-1, 1-4. The oldest age interval is an open interval. |
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absolute average difference
estimates the degree of fitting between observed and theoretical data. |
ISC |
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abstinence abstinence from coitus, particularly periodic abstinence is often included among contraceptive or birth control method. |
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adjusted rates rates which have been standardized for age and/or other compositional characteristics in order to make them comparable with each other. |
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age and duration-specific divorce rates are given by the number of divorces of women (or men) aged x to x+n and married t to t+k years, divided by the persons years lived by the corresponding married population. |
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age-child ratio defined as the ratio of the elderly (age 65 and older) to the population in younger ages (under age 15). |
IV or ACR |
| age dependency ratio is the ratio of the young and the elderly to the adult population. | ID |
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age distribution of a population when the distribution of a population is given by individual years of age. |
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age groups represents the age distribution of a population, which may be five-year age groups, also called quinquennial age groups or broad age groups,such as 0-19 years, 20-59 years, 60 years and over. |
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age of maximum value of fertility rates age corresponding to the maximum value of a given age-specific fertility rates distribution. |
FXM |
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age heaping tendency of some people to round their ages to numbers ending in zero or five or to report certain ages instead of others. Also known as "age preference " or "digit preference". |
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age of maximum value of the resistance function age corresponding to the maximum value of resistance function. |
XM |
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age-pattern of fertility relative (proportionate) distribution of a set of age-specific fertility rates. It espressed the relative contribution of each age group to total fertility. |
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age-sex structure of a population the number or proportion of the total population which falls in each category of a cross-classification by sex and age (either single years or age groupings). |
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age-specific death (mortality rate), see Central death
rate. |
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age-specific divorce rate is given by the number of divorces of women (or men) aged x to x+n divided by the number of the person years lived by married women (or men) between ages x and x+n. The denominator may be also represented by the total number of the person years lived at age x to x+n by women or men. |
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age-specific fertility rate rate calculated by relating births generated during a give period from a number of women of age x (or of age x,x+h) to the quantity of women living of age x (or in age x, x+h). |
f(x) or F(x) |
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age-specific first marriage rate is given by the number of first marriages of women (or men) aged x to x+n in a given year divided by the person years of women (or men) aged x to x+n who are exposed to the "risk" of first marriage. As second kind, the denominator may be represented by the total number of person years lived by men or women aged x to x+n. |
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age-specific first net migration rate is computed as the amount of net migration (difference between immigration and emigration) at a given age per 1000 of the midyear population at this age. |
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age-specific first net migration rate is computed as the amount of net migration (difference between immigration and emigration) at a given age per 1000 of the midyear population at this age. |
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age-specific probability of emigration the annual age-specific probability of emigration between exat age x and x+1 is computed as the number of emigrants at a given age during the year related to midyear population at age x, plus half of the deaths during the year at age x. |
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age-specific remarriage rate is given by the total number of remarriages for persons aged x to x+n, divided by the total number of person years lived by divorced, plus the number of the widowed between age x to x+n. |
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age standardization a procedure of adjustment of crude rates ( birth, death or other rates) designed to reduce the effect of differences in age structure when comparing rates. |
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average annual rate of change the average per cent increase or decrease per annum required to account for observed numerical change in size between two dates. |
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average family size is the number of children for couple. |
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average parity is the mean number of children even born per woman. |